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Atman vs Anatta

The notion of self, or the fundamental essence of being, is a central theme in both Hinduism and Buddhism, two ancient and profound spiritual traditions. While Hinduism propagates the theory of Atman, Buddhism presents the concept of Anatta. Despite their apparent differences, a closer examination reveals intriguing parallels and shared insights regarding the nature of the self and consciousness.
In Hinduism, Atman refers to the eternal, unchanging essence of the individual beyond the transient physical body, mind, ego, and intellect. It is considered the innermost core of one's being, transcending the limitations of time and space. Atman is believed to be identical to Brahman, the ultimate reality or universal consciousness. According to Hindu philosophy, realizing the true nature of Atman leads to liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death (samsara).
In contrast to Hinduism's notion of Atman, Buddhism espouses the concept of Anatta, which translates to "non-self" or "no-self." According to Buddhist teachings, the self is not a permanent, inherent entity but rather a composite of ever-changing phenomena. The Buddha's doctrine of the five aggregates (skandhas) elucidates this idea, asserting that the self is a construct formed by the interplay of form, feelings, perceptions, mental formations, and consciousness. Anatta implies the absence of a fixed, enduring self-entity within these aggregate.
At first glance, Hinduism's Atman and Buddhism's Anatta may seem diametrically opposed. While Hinduism posits the existence of an eternal, immutable self, Buddhism contends that the self is impermanent and devoid of inherent existence. However, upon closer examination, both traditions converge on certain fundamental principles.
Both Hinduism and Buddhism emphasize the importance of transcending the limited self-identity associated with the physical body and ego. While Hinduism asserts the eternal nature of Atman, Buddhism teaches the impermanence of the self, highlighting its conditioned and dependent nature.Despite these differences, both religions acknowledge the central role of consciousness as the core of our being. When we strip away our sense of individual identity, what remains is pure awareness.
A notable point of convergence between Hinduism and Buddhism lies in their recognition of consciousness as the underlying substratum of the self. Both traditions acknowledge the essential role of consciousness in shaping subjective experience and spiritual realization. In the pursuit of enlightenment, the dissolution of egoistic constructs and the cultivation of pure awareness are central themes shared by Hinduism and Buddhism.
Ultimately, both Hinduism and Buddhism share a common goal: the attainment of enlightenment or liberation from suffering. Whether through the realization of Atman in Hinduism or the transcendence of the illusory self in Buddhism, practitioners aspire to awaken to the ultimate truth of existence. Both are paths of quest for enlightenment.
The concepts of Atman and Anatta represent distinct philosophical perspectives within Hinduism and Buddhism, respectively. While Hinduism posits the eternal nature of the self, Buddhism challenges the notion of a permanent, independent self-entity. Despite their apparent differences, both traditions offer profound insights into the nature of consciousness and the human condition. By exploring the intricate nuances of Atman and Anatma, seekers of truth can deepen their understanding of the self and embark on the transformative journey towards spiritual awakening.

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